History

China is a vast nation comprised of hundreds of distinct ethnic communities, each with its own language, history, and culture. Today the government of China recognizes just 56 ethnic nationalities, or minzu, as groups entitled to representation. This controversial new book recounts the history of the most sweeping attempt to sort and categorize the nation's enormous population: the 1954 Ethnic Classification project (minzu shibie). Thomas S.

Thought reform is arguably China's most controversial social policy. If reeducation's critics and defenders agree on little else, they share the conviction that ideological remolding is inseparable from its Mao-era roots. This is the first major English-language study to explore one of the most important aspects of those origins, the essential relationship between thought reform and the "dangerous classes"-the prostitutes, beggars, petty criminals, and other "lumpenproletarians" that Communists saw as a threat to society and the revolution.

During the twentieth century, 80 percent of all famine victims worldwide died in China and the Soviet Union. In this rigorous and thoughtful study, Felix Wemheuer analyzes the historical and political roots of these socialist-era famines, in which overambitious industrial programs endorsed by Stalin and Mao Zedong created greater disasters than those suffered under prerevolutionary regimes.

While the eradication of smallpox has long been documented, not many know the Chinese roots of this historic achievement. In this revelatory study, Mary Augusta Brazelton examines the PRC's public health campaigns of the 1950s to explain just how China managed to inoculate almost six hundred million people against this and other deadly diseases.

In the early twentieth century, a time of political fragmentation and social upheaval in China, poverty became the focus of an anguished national conversation about the future of the country. Investigating the lives of the urban poor in China during this critical era, Guilty of Indigence examines the solutions implemented by a nation attempting to deal with society's most fundamental problem.

In 2012, an Oregon mother named Julie Keith opened up a package of Halloween decorations. The cheap foam headstones had been five dollars at Kmart, too good a deal to pass up. But when she opened the box, something shocking fell out: an SOS letter, handwritten in broken English.
"Sir: If you occassionally buy this product, please kindly resend this letter to the World Human Right Organization. Thousands people here who are under the persicuton of the Chinese Communist Party Government will thank and remember you forever."

Tracing the concept of human rights in Chinese political discourse since the late Qing dynasty, this comprehensive history convincingly demonstrates that-contrary to conventional wisdom-there has been a vibrant debate on human rights throughout the twentieth century. Drawing on little-known sources, Marina Svensson argues that the concept of human rights was invoked by the Chinese people well before the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and that it has continued to have strong appeal after 1949, both in Taiwan and on the mainland.

On June 4, 1989, People's Liberation Army soldiers opened fire on unarmed civilians in Beijing, killing untold hundreds of people. A quarter-century later, this defining event remains buried in China's modern history, successfully expunged from collective memory. In The People's Republic of Amnesia, Louisa Lim charts how the events of June 4th changed China, and how China changed the events of June 4th by rewriting its own history.

上世紀五、六十年代之交，在中國大陸發生了一場歷史上罕見的大饑荒，從1958年至1962年期間，據不完全統計，中國餓死了三千六百萬人，因飢餓使得出生率降低，少出生人數估計為四千萬上下，餓死人數加上飢餓而少出生人數共計七千多萬人，這不僅是中國歷史上所發生的災荒中死亡人數最多的一次巨災，也是人類當代史中最為慘痛的空前大悲劇。

究竟這是一場天災還是由「人禍」所造成的大災荒呢？官方對此或含糊其詞，或有意掩蓋，竭力淡化這一歷史事實。然而，劉少奇當年曾對毛澤東說過：「餓死這麼多人，歷史上要寫上你我的，人相食，要上書的。」可是，時至今日，在中國內地仍未能見到有一本紀錄這一場大災難的信史問世。

本書作者從事新聞工作數十年，他窮數年之功，跑遍了當年災難最嚴重的十幾個省份，親自查閱無數公開或秘藏的檔案與記錄，訪問當事人，反覆查證，以史筆之心與新聞記者的良知，數易其稿，真實地再現了這段慘絕人寰的人間痛史，並以大量的事實和數據，條分縷析造成這場大饑饉的主因並非天災，而是在氣候正常的年景，在一個沒有戰爭、沒有瘟疫的和平發展年代裏所發生的慘劇，作者還深刻地指出，這個中國當代史上的大饑荒的成因及結果，也間接引發了另一場浩劫 ── 文化大革命。

An estimated thirty-six million Chinese men, women, and children starved to death during China's Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s and early '60s. One of the greatest tragedies of the twentieth century, the famine is poorly understood, and in China is still euphemistically referred to as the three years of natural disaster.